Sharp – A diamond place in a rod and used for cutting or cleaving.
Scaife – A horizontal wheel on which diamonds are polished. Usually made of a 20 mm diamond layer or another alloy. May contain another strip with diamonds. The usual rotation speed is 2500-3000 spins per minute. There are different
wheel like Israeli, American, Belgian and Universal.
Alluvial – Alluvial diamonds. Stones carried by water from outbreak location. Usually at a better quality.
Boart – A natural diamonds in industrial quality, mostly crushed and sorted to use as abrasives or diamond powder used to spread on the wheel.
Cleaving – A process of dividing the diamond to two along one of its cleaving plains (in parallel before the octahedron). The cleaving is done by creating a fissure along the surface of the diamond, with a laser or a diamond. Afterwards, a cleaving blade is inserted into the fissure and is tapped by the “hammer.” The blade works as a wedge to separate the stone in two.
Gauge – A measurement tool used to test the diameter and depth of the stone. In the industry different types of measurements are used for rough or polished, as needed. The measurement shapes vary Butterfly, angel, star, magnetic. A part of the measurements is used to examine the angle of the faces.
Rough – A diamond as it is in his natural form in nature, without human intervention.
Grainer – A weight unit used to examine rough diamonds. 1 grainer is 25 points.
Cement – Used to hold the stone in the process of cleaning and cutting. The traditional cement has fast softened and hardening features. The content of the cement may vary but includes a mixture of resins, sand and/or crushed glass.
Dop – A rod, a device used to hold the diamond in the cutting, cleaving or polishing process. Can look like a metal cup (in the end of the rod) where the stone is placed to cut, or its shape may look like a lock with hooks. The common drop includes a stinger that clamps the stone to the belt.
Zagers – Rough diamonds that are made for sewing due to their shape. The diamonds have a twisted lattice plane.
Twisted stones – A stone that its lattice layers are in parallel plains.
Kerf – The small crack in the diamond before leaving. The kerf is located in parallel of the plain of cleaving.
Girdling – Creating a profile of a simple girdle by brilliant round polishing or fancy polish. The cutting is performed before polishing.
Trigons – Bumps on the rough diamond. The trigon tips are always targeted to the edge of the octahedral face.
Twin diamonds – A diamond that includes 2 crystals or more the different face directions. The phenomenon can appear in different forms. The most known one is a stick or contact twins, in which the two halves have grown to face 180 degrees at each other. A different form is twin diamonds that penetrate each other, in which two crystals or more have grown together and penetrated each other along with entanglement and creating shapes like crosses, stars or triangles.
Molen – A unit for polishing in a diamond factory. The unit includes the table for polishing, the method for polishing and the engine that rotates the wheel.
Sorting – A general term for rough diamonds by color, quality, shape and size.
Makeables – Rough diamonds that were polished without sawing or cleaving.
Melee – A shape classification of rough diamonds, those are octahedral unbroken crystals (or a deformed octahedral) that weigh less than 2 carat. A variety of small polished diamonds that vary in size or quality (usually weigh less than 0.25 carat).
Saw tables – Rough diamonds with lumpy shapes (whole crystals similar to a stone or other shapes) that are sawed before polished.
Sawmill – A sewing factory for diamonds. Although being a part of the polishing factory, the sawmill is an independent place and contains lines of sewing machines.
Marker – Plans the stages of the rough diamond process in consideration of the shape and places of the defects, in order to get maximum utilization of the product.
Macle – A synonym to makeable. A kind of rough diamond.
Marginal – A sorting group of syndicate rough diamond that describes stones that border between beauty diamonds and diamonds for the industry.
Sawing – An act used to divide rough diamonds into two, not in the cleaved plane. The act can be grind sawing using a thin blade coated with diamond powder, or laser sawing used for problematic stones.
Naat – A distortion or amputation of the crystal lattice in the diamond, a thing that creates a lot of problems when cleaving, sawing or polishing.
Sight – Allocation of rough diamonds by the syndicate. The allocation is given to selected people from the industry. There are sites for manufacturers and sites for brokers; every manufacturer receives allocation according to the type of goods they specialize in/deal with. In a year there are 10 sites: one in every 5 weeks.
Pipe – The volcanic eruption louver from which the kimberlite land emerged, the one that includes diamond crystals.
Tang – The clamp/device carrier that holds the rod holding the diamond while polished.
Growth lines – Lines seen in a diamond that remained during disruptions during its growth and crystallization. May be internal or external. Make problems while
working on the stone.
Tolerance lines – A synonym to growth lines. Require a lot of tolerance and experience to work on them while polishing.
Capes – Rough stones with a shape that does not require sewing. Mostly stones with problematic polishing directions.
Regulars – A nickname used to classify syndicate rough diamonds. Usually 3-6 grainers, commercial white and cleaning small pique to pique.
